Introduction to the formatters package
Gabriel Becker
2024-04-10
Source:vignettes/formatters.Rmd
formatters.Rmdformatters
The formatters package provides two core pieces of
functionality, both related to ASCII rendering:
-
format_valueprovides the ability to format single- and multi-valued elements into ASCII display-ready strings - the
matrix_formframework provides generics for implementing ASCII rendering support for display tables
Both of these feature sets are used in the
rtables package.
Formatting values
The core motivation for formatters is the rendering of
reporting tables into ASCII. In this context a ‘value’ is the raw
content that to appear in a single table cell. Most commonly this is a
numeric vector of length 1, 2 or – occasionally – 3.
Format labels
formatters ships with a large number of pre-defined
formats appropriate for rendering values into ASCII strings. These
existing formats are specified by their labels. We can see the list of
these by calling the list_valid_format_labels function:
$`1d`
[1] "xx" "xx." "xx.x"
[4] "xx.xx" "xx.xxx" "xx.xxxx"
[7] "xx%" "xx.%" "xx.x%"
[10] "xx.xx%" "xx.xxx%" "(N=xx)"
[13] "N=xx" ">999.9" ">999.99"
[16] "x.xxxx | (<0.0001)"
$`2d`
[1] "xx / xx" "xx. / xx." "xx.x / xx.x"
[4] "xx.xx / xx.xx" "xx.xxx / xx.xxx" "N=xx (xx%)"
[7] "xx (xx%)" "xx (xx.%)" "xx (xx.x%)"
[10] "xx (xx.xx%)" "xx. (xx.%)" "xx.x (xx.x%)"
[13] "xx.xx (xx.xx%)" "(xx, xx)" "(xx., xx.)"
[16] "(xx.x, xx.x)" "(xx.xx, xx.xx)" "(xx.xxx, xx.xxx)"
[19] "(xx.xxxx, xx.xxxx)" "xx - xx" "xx.x - xx.x"
[22] "xx.xx - xx.xx" "xx (xx)" "xx. (xx.)"
[25] "xx.x (xx.x)" "xx.xx (xx.xx)" "xx (xx.)"
[28] "xx (xx.x)" "xx (xx.xx)" "xx.x, xx.x"
[31] "xx.x to xx.x"
$`3d`
[1] "xx. (xx. - xx.)" "xx.x (xx.x - xx.x)"
[3] "xx.xx (xx.xx - xx.xx)" "xx.xxx (xx.xxx - xx.xxx)"
attr(,"info")
[1] "xx does not modify the element, and xx. rounds a number to 0 digits"Each of these labels describes how the incoming (possibly
multi-element) raw value will be formatted. xx indicates
that an element of the value will be printed as is, with no
modification. xx. indicates that a numeric value element
will be rounded to 0 decimal places, xx.x indicates
rounding to 1 decimal place, etc.
Formatting values
Values are formatted via calls to format_value, like
so:
format_value(5.1235, format = "xx.xx")[1] "5.12"
format_value(c(1.2355, 2.6789), "(xx.xx, xx.xx)")[1] "(1.24, 2.68)"Table Rendering Framework
Advanced Usage Only These features are supported,
and in fact are used in rtables and the experimental
rlistings. That said, the API is currently very low-level
and tailored to what rtables and rlistings
need. How useful this is to other table frameworks may vary.
The second major piece of functionality in formatters is
the ability to render tables into ASCII (and thus directly to the
terminal) based on a so-called MatrixPrintForm
representation of the table.
To hook up rtables-style ASCII display for your tables,
it suffices to export a method for the exported matrix_form
generic formatters provides. This method must return a
MatrixPrintForm object representing your table.
We can build a baby example method for data.frames to
illustrate this process:
## pagdfrow supports a large number of pieces of information regarding
## siblings and what information should be repeated after a pagination.
## we ignore all that here and just give the absolutely crucial info:
## nm (name), lab (label), rnum (absolute row position), pth ("path"),
## extent (how many lines it takes up), rclass ("class of row")
fake_pagdf_row <- function(i, rnms) {
nm <- rnms[i]
pagdfrow(
nm = nm, lab = nm, rnum = i, pth = nm, extent = 1L,
rclass = "NA"
)
}
matrix_form.data.frame <- function(df) {
fmts <- lapply(df, function(x) if (is.null(obj_format(x))) "xx" else obj_format(x))
bodystrs <- mapply(function(x, fmt) {
sapply(x, format_value, format = fmt)
}, x = df, fmt = fmts)
rnms <- row.names(df)
if (is.null(rnms)) {
rnms <- as.character(seq_len(NROW(df)))
}
cnms <- names(df)
strings <- rbind(
c("", cnms),
cbind(rnms, bodystrs)
)
fnr <- nrow(strings)
fnc <- ncol(strings)
## center alignment for column labels, left alignment for everything else
aligns <- rbind(
"center",
matrix("left", nrow = NROW(df), ncol = fnc)
)
## build up fake pagination df,
rowdf <- basic_pagdf(row.names(df))
MatrixPrintForm(
strings = strings,
aligns = aligns,
spans = matrix(1, nrow = fnr, ncol = fnc),
formats = matrix("", nrow = fnr, ncol = fnc),
row_info = rowdf,
has_topleft = FALSE,
nlines_header = 1,
nrow_header = 1
)
}
cat(toString(matrix_form.data.frame(mtcars))) mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Mazda RX4 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.62 16.46 0 1 4 4
Mazda RX4 Wag 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.32 18.61 1 1 4 1
Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1
Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360 175 3.15 3.44 17.02 0 0 3 2
Valiant 18.1 6 225 105 2.76 3.46 20.22 1 0 3 1
Duster 360 14.3 8 360 245 3.21 3.57 15.84 0 0 3 4
Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.19 20 1 0 4 2
Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.15 22.9 1 0 4 2
Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.44 18.3 1 0 4 4
Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.44 18.9 1 0 4 4
Merc 450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.07 17.4 0 0 3 3
Merc 450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.73 17.6 0 0 3 3
Merc 450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.78 18 0 0 3 3
Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4 8 472 205 2.93 5.25 17.98 0 0 3 4
Lincoln Continental 10.4 8 460 215 3 5.424 17.82 0 0 3 4
Chrysler Imperial 14.7 8 440 230 3.23 5.345 17.42 0 0 3 4
Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.2 19.47 1 1 4 1
Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2
Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.9 1 1 4 1
Toyota Corona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.7 2.465 20.01 1 0 3 1
Dodge Challenger 15.5 8 318 150 2.76 3.52 16.87 0 0 3 2
AMC Javelin 15.2 8 304 150 3.15 3.435 17.3 0 0 3 2
Camaro Z28 13.3 8 350 245 3.73 3.84 15.41 0 0 3 4
Pontiac Firebird 19.2 8 400 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2
Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79 66 4.08 1.935 18.9 1 1 4 1
Porsche 914-2 26 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.14 16.7 0 1 5 2
Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.9 1 1 5 2
Ford Pantera L 15.8 8 351 264 4.22 3.17 14.5 0 1 5 4
Ferrari Dino 19.7 6 145 175 3.62 2.77 15.5 0 1 5 6
Maserati Bora 15 8 301 335 3.54 3.57 14.6 0 1 5 8
Volvo 142E 21.4 4 121 109 4.11 2.78 18.6 1 1 4 2